POTASSIUM IODATE VOLUMETRIC STANDARD, SE
Potassium iodate
CAS: 7758-05-6
Molecular Formula: IKO3
POTASSIUM IODATE VOLUMETRIC STANDARD, SE - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Potassium iodate |
| Synonyms | Potassium Iddate Potassium iodate PotassiuM iodate, ACS reagent Potassium iodate standard solution POTASSIUM IODATE FOR ANALYSIS EMSURE POTASSIUM IODATE VOLUMETRIC STANDARD, SE |
| CAS | 7758-05-6 |
| EINECS | 231-831-9 |
| InChI | InChI=1/HIO3.K/c2-1(3)4;/h(H,2,3,4);/q;+1/p-1 |
| InChIKey | JLKDVMWYMMLWTI-UHFFFAOYSA-M |
POTASSIUM IODATE VOLUMETRIC STANDARD, SE - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | IKO3 |
| Molar Mass | 214 |
| Density | 3.93g/mLat 25°C(lit.) |
| Melting Point | 560°C(lit.) |
| Water Solubility | Soluble |
| Solubility | H2O: 0.1M at20°C, clear, colorless |
| Vapor Presure | 0-0Pa at 25℃ |
| Appearance | Powder/Solid |
| Color | White to off-white |
| Solubility Product Constant(Ksp) | pKsp: 3.43 |
| Merck | 14,7642 |
| pKa | 0.047[at 20 ℃] |
| PH | 6 (50g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Storage Condition | Store at +5°C to +30°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Materials to avoid include organics, combustibles, phosphorus, sulfur, carbon, powdered metals, cyanides, hydrides, strong reducing agents, aluminium, peroxides. Explosive when mixed with comb |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Properties colorless monoclinic crystal or white crystalline powder. Odorless. melting point 560 ℃ relative density 3.93(32 ℃) solubility: soluble in water, dilute acid, ethylenediamine, ethanolamine and potassium iodide aqueous solution; Slightly soluble in liquid sulfur dioxide; insoluble in alcohol and ammonia. |
| Use | Used as livestock feed additives, medicinal iodine, used as wheat flour treatment agent, dough modifier |
POTASSIUM IODATE VOLUMETRIC STANDARD, SE - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R8 - Contact with combustible material may cause fire R36/37/38 - Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R22 - Harmful if swallowed R61 - May cause harm to the unborn child R20/21/22 - Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S37/39 - Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection S17 - Keep away from combustible material. S24/25 - Avoid contact with skin and eyes. S23 - Do not breathe vapour. S53 - Avoid exposure - obtain special instructions before use. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S22 - Do not breathe dust. |
| UN IDs | UN 1479 5.1/PG 2 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | NN1350000 |
| FLUKA BRAND F CODES | 21 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 28299080 |
| Hazard Class | 5.1 |
| Packing Group | II |
POTASSIUM IODATE VOLUMETRIC STANDARD, SE - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Iodine Potassium chlorate |
| Downstream Products | Sodium Chloride |
POTASSIUM IODATE VOLUMETRIC STANDARD, SE - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
White crystalline or white crystalline powder. Odorless. Melting point 560 C (decomposition);d 3. 89. Soluble in 12 parts of water, 3.1 parts of boiling water, soluble in dilute sulfuric acid, potassium iodide, insoluble in ethanol. Strong oxidation. Mixing with reducing agents, organics, combustibles, etc. can form explosive mixtures that can cause combustion or explosion by friction, shock, or impact.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
POTASSIUM IODATE VOLUMETRIC STANDARD, SE - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
potassium iodate was dissolved in water, heated, neutralized by adding 30% potassium hydroxide solution, filtered and suction filtered to crystallize, then washed with water and dried to obtain potassium iodate.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:02:45
POTASSIUM IODATE VOLUMETRIC STANDARD, SE - Use
Open Data Verified Data
analytical reagent, Reference Reagent, used to test zinc, sulfonated, arsenic. Used as an oxidant in volumetric analysis.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:02:45
POTASSIUM IODATE VOLUMETRIC STANDARD, SE - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
mouse luminal LDso:136mg/kg. On the upper respiratory tract, eyes and skin irritation. Oral causes Head Pain, Nausea, Vomit, dizziness and gastrointestinal irritation. Staff should be well protected, if accidentally touch the eyes, should immediately rinse with a large amount of flowing water. The working environment should have good ventilation conditions. Keep away from fire and heat source. Protection from direct sunlight. Protected from light. Keep the container sealed. Should be stored separately from flammable, combustible materials, reducing agents, etc. When there is a fire, the use of water and sand mist.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:02:46
POTASSIUM IODATE VOLUMETRIC STANDARD, SE - Reference Information
| LogP | -1 at 25℃ |
| EPA chemical substance information | information provided by: ofmpeb.epa.gov (external link) |
| What is potassium iodate? | iodine is one of the important trace elements in human body, and is the main raw material for synthesizing thyroid hormone and regulating the growth and secretion function of thyroid gland. Both potassium iodate and potassium iodide have been shown to be effective iodine carriers at home and abroad. The difference between them is that potassium iodide is a little "delicate". China began to gradually promote iodized salt in 1960s, in addition to individual areas, most of the use of potassium iodide, but until 1980s there are still some areas covered by iodized salt goiter. After investigation, it is found that the salt processing technology and storage and transportation conditions are not good, resulting in more salt impurities, coupled with the influence of high temperature and high humidity environment, potassium iodide can not carry. For example, more than 20% of the iodized salt in Chengde area of Hebei has no iodine at all, and the iodized salt in Liyang of Jiangsu province is almost the same as that without iodine, and similar situations are found in Hubei, Anhui and other places. The principle of iodine loss is that potassium iodide is oxidized and volatilized. A group of scientific researchers in Fujian has been observing a batch of open storage of potassium iodate iodate since 1991. The data show that the loss of iodine in 3 years is 9%, the loss of 5 years is 10%, and the loss of 17 years is 43%. Under the same conditions, the iodized salt with potassium iodide has been lost for 2 years. At the same time, the solubility of potassium iodide is better, and the salt is more easily adsorbed on the packaging bag after moisture. In order to avoid the loss of iodine as much as possible, the purity of the salt is higher than 99.5% and the water content is lower than 0.1%, and stabilizers and desiccants such as sodium thiosulfate (soda), calcium hydroxide (hydrated lime), magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, glucose, etc., but also pay attention to the protection from light, sealing and other measures. Potassium iodate, on the contrary, is not afraid of oxidation, And the purity of the salt is not high, even if there are impurities do not have much effect. It is not as soluble as potassium iodide, but does not affect processing. Whether potassium iodide or potassium iodate is formulated into aqueous solution sprayed on the salt, the concentration is too large is not easy to spray, so usually only 4% of the concentration is needed. The solubility of potassium iodate can do 8%, so certainly enough. Low solubility is actually an advantage, because it is not easy to run to the package flow lost. |
| who is using potassium iodate? | The iodine salt in the United States does use potassium iodide, but the potassium iodate is not a Chinese family. In addition to developing countries such as India, Indonesia and Cameroon, Australia and Germany also use potassium iodate. If the number of countries is used for comparison, it is estimated that more countries use potassium iodate than potassium iodide. If the population is used, the use of potassium iodate will greatly exceed the population of potassium iodide due to the factors of the two population super powers. The application of potassium iodate is about 30 years later than that of potassium iodide, but the history is also very long. Some countries in Central and South America began to use potassium iodate in the 50 s of last century, China's Taiwan, Sichuan, Hubei, Shaanxi and other regions also began to practice as early as the 60 s. In a survey conducted World Health Organization (WHO), almost half of the countries used potassium iodide and potassium iodate, with potassium iodate being concentrated in Central and South America, Eastern Europe, Africa, Southeast Asia and Oceania. Official documents dated World Health Organization (WHO) have recommended potassium iodate as a carrier for Salt Iodization. After years of development, the application of potassium iodate more and more, at present the world's major economies in the use of potassium iodate in both India, China and other developing countries, but also the United Kingdom, Germany, Australia and other developed countries. |
| safety | It is widely reported online that "potassium iodate is 10 times more toxic than potassium iodide" because of the toxicological parameter "median lethal dose". This is also very interesting, the half lethal dose of salt is larger than melamine, you say who is safer? The key question is whether it is safe at actual usage, rather than a simple comparison of toxicological parameters. For example, the safe amount of potassium iodide is 100, the safe amount of potassium iodate is 10, but the actual use of only 1, it is safe. In World Health Organization (WHO) (WHO) and the International Council for the control of iodine deficiency disorders (ICCIDD) according to the experience of many countries, it is considered that the daily intake of 0.2~0.4 mg iodine is appropriate, and not more than 1 mg is safe. In fact, even at the current world's largest use, the intake of iodine through potassium iodate does not exceed the appropriate amount. In fact, potassium iodide and potassium iodate more security significance is not too big. Potassium Iodate has a strong oxidation, in the air environment is relatively stable (not afraid of oxidation), but in vivo is unstable. There are many natural reducing agents in our body, such as "glutathione", which can quickly reduce potassium iodate to potassium iodide. This is a simple redox reaction, even without the participation of biological enzymes. Scientists have done experiments on animals, Even if a large dose of potassium iodate is injected into a blood vessel, complete degradation to potassium iodide only takes 2-3 minutes. If you eat it, whether you eat potassium iodide or potassium iodate, there is no difference in the iodine that reaches the thyroid. A considerable number of animal experiments have also confirmed that the two iodine agents have no significant difference in biological effects. As for why potassium iodate is listed in the list of hazardous chemicals, it is because it is an oxidant and can be used together with a reducing agent to make explosives. |
| solubility in water (g/100ml) | grams dissolved per 100ml of water at different temperatures (℃): 4.6g/0 ℃;6.27g/10 ℃;8.08g/20 ℃;10.3g/30 ℃;12.6g/40 ℃; 18.3g/60 ℃;24.8g/80 ℃;32.3g/100 ℃ |
| content analysis | accurately weigh about 105g of sample pre-dried at 1.2 ℃ for 3H and put it in a 100ml volumetric flask, dissolve in about 50ml of water and revolume and mix. Take 10.0ml of the solution, put it into a 250ml glass stopper bottle, add 40ml of water, 3g of potassium iodide and 10ml of 3:10 dilute hydrochloric acid, plug it and let it stand for 5min, TS-235 of cold water and several drops of starch test solution () were added, and the precipitated iodine was titrated with 0.1mol/L sodium thiosulfate solution. A blank test was also performed. Each ml of 0.1mol/L sodium thiosulfate is equivalent to potassium iodate (KIO3)3.567mg. |
| toxicity | FAO/WHO does not recommend use but can be used as an iodine source (2001). GRAS(FDA,§ 184.1635,2000). LD50 136 mg/kg (mouse, abdominal injection). toxic, but no toxic in the therapeutic dose (60 mg/d). Protection Measure see iodine. |
| usage limit | FDA,§ 184.1 635(2000): bread making, 0.0075% (in terms of flour). GB 2760-1997: solid beverage, 0.26-0.4mg/kg. |
| Use | used as livestock feed additive, medicinal iodine additive, wheat flour treatment agent, dough modifier wheat flour treatment agent; dough improver; Nutrition Fortifier. used as a feed additive for livestock. Medicinally used in the prevention and treatment of local goiter iodine salt or medicament. used as analytical reagent, oxidant and redox titrant used as analytical reagent, drug, feed additive, etc. A potassium carbonate standard solution was prepared. Analysis of zinc, iodine, arsenic. Used as an oxidant in volumetric analysis. |
| production method | potassium chlorate oxidation the ratio of iodine and potassium chlorate is 12:KCI()3=21:20 and water were added to the reactor, and the solution pH 1~2 was adjusted with nitric acid. The solution was boiled at 80-90 °c with stirring for 1H to complete the reaction and the chlorine gas was removed. The solution is cooled to room temperature, precipitation of potassium hydrogen iodate crystals, after filtration, the crystals are heated and dissolved with hot water, and then the solution is neutralized to pH 10 by adding caustic potash, and then cooled to crystallize, filter and dry, finished potassium iodate was obtained. Its 6I2 11KClO3 3H2O → 6KH(IO3)2 5KC1 3C12 ( ) is formed by direct oxidation of potassium chlorate with iodine in dilute nitric acid medium. From the direct reaction of potassium hydroxide and iodine. |
| category | oxidant |
| toxicity grade | poisoning |
| Acute toxicity | oral-mouse LDL0: 531 mg/kg |
| explosive hazard characteristics | mixed with reductant, sulfur, phosphorus, etc, friction can burst |
| flammability hazard characteristics | is combustible in combination with organic matter, reducing agent, combustible sulfur and phosphorus; toxic iodide and sodium oxide fumes from combustion |
| storage and transportation characteristics | The warehouse is ventilated and dried at low temperature; Light loading and light unloading; With organic matter, reducing agent, sulfur, separate storage of phosphorus flammability |
| fire extinguishing agent | water and sand mist |
| toxic substance data | information provided by: pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 15:16:52
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